tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57690249140725561062024-03-20T01:00:20.177-07:00CHECK POINTJust Check It!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-44235352517171202322018-03-01T09:18:00.000-08:002018-03-01T09:29:11.344-08:007 Practical Tips for Writing a Perfect Blog Post.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZIZAUFxgfno1MlwbQUO3VTYlEhfk4zNVa1yXYG89OmZAjh8wMP06l5RjABdguVgMcXbcBSuEN4pBZ4aZ3owcRWPqtYvh_4IT9Bp_GLSLREN6AQ6fvq7n8XVAJTLk26vWJWczDKoiGy0iU/s1600/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blog-post..png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZIZAUFxgfno1MlwbQUO3VTYlEhfk4zNVa1yXYG89OmZAjh8wMP06l5RjABdguVgMcXbcBSuEN4pBZ4aZ3owcRWPqtYvh_4IT9Bp_GLSLREN6AQ6fvq7n8XVAJTLk26vWJWczDKoiGy0iU/s640/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blog-post..png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Each day thousands of blog posts are written, some of them survive but most of them die within no time in the eyes of search engine. If your post is well written and compiled then it will live long otherwise nobody cares how much time you spent for writing and searching on it. In this short blog post, I am going to tell you how I keep my articles in the race and how you can.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Here I tell you 7 most required things that your blog post must have in order to catch the attention of readers.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Pick a Title that has no Match.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do you know 59 percent people don’t read the body of the article they just read heading or title to decide content is worthy or not. As I mentioned each day thousands of post are written on the exact same topic on which you are writing so how will you stand out among them, the answer is to pick a title that has no match. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Catchy title grabs the attention of people and they immediately click on the link. Consider the title of this blog post you are currently reading. It is the perfect example of attracting people towards your post.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i>Here I give you 4 actionable tips that you must follow while picking the title for your post.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It should be relevant to what you present in the body of the article.</span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do not use difficult words; instead, use simple and understandable words in the title.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you think there is a difficult word in your title, find the synonym of that word and use that. Thesaurus.com<a href="http://www.thesaurus.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Thesaurus.com</span></a> is one where I find similar words.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">That means instead of writing, “How <span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration-line: none;">anachronistic</span> post riles your readers”, you must write, “How unstructured/outdated post annoys your readers”. That is a big difference, isn’t that?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The length of the title should not exceed 80 characters, 70 (including space) characters are the best.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Search engine shows 70 characters long heading. According to one analysis on <a class="" href="https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/a-simple-formula-for-writing-kick-ass-titles-ht" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">hubspot</span></a> headlines with 8 to 12 words got more twitter share on average.</span></blockquote>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Use Exciting tone and words.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">That means instead of writing ‘some tips to improve your blog readership’, you must write, “7 Practical thoughts to write a killing blog post” or “7 actionable tips to write an effective and epic blog post” or “here are 7 things that you must keep in mind while writing a blog post”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Your First Paragraph Matters.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Your good title job was to bring reader here but your good introductory paragraph will compel them to give it a complete read. This is your first paragraph but may be the last for your readers if you do not organize it well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this paragraph, you need to tell them what you are going to tell them. Write a little summary if your article is more than 2000 words; write overview in the form of heading. If your article is not so much in detail then just telling reader about the main idea is enough. You can write just one or two lines as an introductory paragraph otherwise you can have a full-fledged paragraph.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i>5 ideas for writing an awesome introductory paragraph.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Keep your tone exciting.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Tell the reader that you will unfold suspense in the middle.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Ask relevant questions.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Example: Have you ever experienced such a situation in which…</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Example 2: How would you react in this scenario…?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Example 3: how long did you sleep last night? Well if your answer is more than 9 hours then I am telling ….</span></blockquote>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">State a fact relevant to your post.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Readers trust on number, it will help to increase the value of your content and will boost your credibility<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Example: In 2017, Facebook lost 2.8 million United States users under 25. </span></blockquote>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Start with an inspiriting quote and then relate it.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Example: I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination. —Jimmy Dean</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Be innovative, informative, and Original.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In the body section of the article, you reveal the suspense and tell the reader what they are looking for. Carefully disclose the information so that reader interest may retain. Do not just comment on the topic you are covering rather provide solid and up to date information along with figure and facts and if possible then give examples. Tell your experience. Do not just repeat what has already spoken or written rather come up with new ideas and narrate in a unique way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Create your own style of writing, you are born unique so you have your very own unique style. Believe it, you have greatness within you!</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><i> 4 actionable tips for the body section.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Be Innovative, informative and Original</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Write with passion and do research before the start.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Unleash your main idea here,</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Disclose information with grace.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">P</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ost Layout and Formatting</span><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Well if you all done but still nobody gives a dame to your post then hold down and check whether your blog post is well formatted and well structured?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Formatting and layout of the blog post is perhaps the most important part, which many novice bloggers miss. It greatly affects the experience of your reader. Your post might contain valuable information but the layout and formatting of your post is ugly then no one will keep reading. <u><i>They just see the ugly look of your post and pass to next tab (sometimes they curse you, believe me)</i></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Here are 9 tips that you must follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bold the main keywords, also italicize sentences that need emphasis.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">U</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">se heading, subheading and minor heading.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Use bullet lists.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Don’t use ugly combinations like <span style="background-color: cyan; color: white;">This</span> and <span style="background-color: magenta;"><span style="color: cyan;">This</span></span>.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Change color like ‘Alert’ to red and ‘successful scenario’ to green.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Overall posts, length should be less than 1500.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Post width should be 80 characters including spaces.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Line height should be between 130% to 160%.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Font size should be 16px.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Majori</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">ty of bloggers write their post with 12px fonts, which is difficult to read online. 16px on web looks like 12px on print. 16px font size is readable for everyone even for ones approaching fifty. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You should choose a standard font like Arial, </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Georgia</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">, </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Times</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">, </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">verdana</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">, </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Helvetica</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">, I use Arial, many free web fonts also available you can choose from..<span style="color: blue;"> <a href="https://www.awwwards.com/20-best-web-fonts-from-google-web-fonts-and-font-face.html" target="_blank">here is one list for information.</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If your post is exceeding 2000 words than consider breaking it into multiple parts, given the link to next post at the end. If you post has a lot of technical details then rewrite it under the brand name of “Step by step Guide” or “a Complete Guide towards..”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">On the other side, you can have 300 words post even but that must contain the necessary information for which you promised in heading. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">One catchy Image.</span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTboqluKyl24ZkOG64NyUHu0kWLceYROTLLWLYkiYa5yAH8JpUenqdkBV_ty8rjmMtcRwm8emoshOsQTgsIOcDk5nxhoNxQBY0m8OlJa1P85y2XLuGPUBHR9ByQybX8d00UrwK70RL38DC/s1600/quotes-Text-is-bread-but-im.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTboqluKyl24ZkOG64NyUHu0kWLceYROTLLWLYkiYa5yAH8JpUenqdkBV_ty8rjmMtcRwm8emoshOsQTgsIOcDk5nxhoNxQBY0m8OlJa1P85y2XLuGPUBHR9ByQybX8d00UrwK70RL38DC/s640/quotes-Text-is-bread-but-im.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Your blog must contain at least one image, though more are better. Images help you to increase the audience interest in the content. Consider following two images along with text, which one will you read?</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMU60aApi-sESySuTFZ3iijgbk4VMmAB4HYY8bsHPI2eUacW4JwIfV2_YIC5NaInwddsUqnm7MPhqZpHMMfE6v1V4ulGXifEimZaEm1GbfxPZIj8sQAx_E6tR3YASEnhO4Be0ibVMgf1ey/s1600/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blogpost+%25282%2529.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="766" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMU60aApi-sESySuTFZ3iijgbk4VMmAB4HYY8bsHPI2eUacW4JwIfV2_YIC5NaInwddsUqnm7MPhqZpHMMfE6v1V4ulGXifEimZaEm1GbfxPZIj8sQAx_E6tR3YASEnhO4Be0ibVMgf1ey/s640/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blogpost+%25282%2529.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Hard Text without Image</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-tQ23HIqjuE-ctDHXRBPVPGPnPPObxs0RPh46XhOzJg8rzvdId5vYdnOnlNxpI6ZEqA5LRMOtjAMGiXRaxuww7oCIN2V9jY4utZUtT23kISiKMQWKKWsj8ax2QX1TLrX8OozutdfJ1md/s1600/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blog-post+%25282%2529.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="594" data-original-width="810" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX-tQ23HIqjuE-ctDHXRBPVPGPnPPObxs0RPh46XhOzJg8rzvdId5vYdnOnlNxpI6ZEqA5LRMOtjAMGiXRaxuww7oCIN2V9jY4utZUtT23kISiKMQWKKWsj8ax2QX1TLrX8OozutdfJ1md/s640/7-practical-tips-for-perfect-blog-post+%25282%2529.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Hard Text with Image</span></td></tr>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do not resize the image in post editor instead edit it first then upload it.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Always use caption with images.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Use ALT field of the image to insert your keywords.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do not use free images from google images, rather build your custom images or take one from free image websites.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">I</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> use <a href="https://www.pexels.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Pexels</span></a> and<span style="color: blue;"> <a href="https://unsplash.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Unsplash</span></a></span> for free images.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I use <a href="https://www.canva.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Canva</span></a> and <a href="https://www.picmonkey.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Picmonkey</span></a> for custom images.</span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Always name an image, like this “7-tips-for-best-blog-post”.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are three most used image formats i.e. png, jepg, and gif and according to <a href="http://httparchive.org/interesting.php" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">httparchive.org</span></a> 95% of the images uploaded on web consist of these three formats.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You can use any one of these depending upon the type of image you are using, if an image is about nature or a photograph that contain smooth color variation then use Jpeg, if your image contains text and object then use png and if an image contains animation then you go with a gif. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You might find it useful to add screen short images often, I use Microsoft snipping tool (built in windows tool) for screen shorts, <a href="https://jing.en.softonic.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Jing </span></a>is also a good option. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You can also use quote images in your blog post, <a href="https://quotescover.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">quotes cover</span></a> is my favorite online tool. If you are interested to include drawing then visio and <a href="https://docs.google.com/drawings/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">google drawing</span></a> are good options. You can also use online drawing tools with <a href="http://sketch.io/"><span style="color: blue;">sketch.io</span></a>, <a href="http://draw.io/"><span style="color: blue;">draw.io</span></a> and <a href="http://youidraw.com/"><span style="color: blue;">youidraw.com</span></a>. If you wish to include memes then imageflip.com, imagechef.com, and makeameme.org are good choice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do not forget to compress the image before you upload it to your blog post editor. <a href="http://compressimage.toolur.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">This</span></a> is my favorite. You can also use imagesmaller.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Proofread: read it again.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">No matter how good and clean you write when you reread you find silly mistakes. There may be wrong spelling, punctuation or grammar error which otherwise could not be identified. Therefore, it is best practice to proofread.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">One thing, when you yourself a proofreader then your mind tends to fill the gap and skim over things because you already know the content so you need to be extra careful or have a proofreader.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you can afford proofreader then it is good otherwise, you can use some tools that help you to proofread. For online free proofreading, you can use<span style="color: blue;"> <a href="http://www.gingersoftware.com/" target="_blank">Ginger</a></span> and <a href="https://app.grammarly.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Grammarly</span></a>. By the way, I use MS word for proofreading, first I write an article there and then copy paste it to blog post editor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">For WordPress, you can use <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://wordpress.org/plugins/jetpack/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">this plugin</span></a>. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Make changes and preview the article in the browser, put yourself as the reader and find silly mistakes and blunder in your article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Call an action.</span></h2>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Encourage your reader to do an action after reading this, ask them to implement what they have learned from your post. Provoke them to share their ideas in the comment box or ask questions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Ask them to share, twite your post. Recommend them another related article. Ask them to subscribe your blog for the latest post or receive a giveaway. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i><u style="background-color: black;">-----Over To You-----</u></i></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I have told you all that I know about writing a great blog post. Now it is your turn to tell me what I missed or what do you think is the most important for a perfect blog post. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Of course, if I did silly mistake writing this post than just mention that. Thanks!</span></blockquote>
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-11067124211631491732018-02-23T17:41:00.001-08:002018-02-23T17:41:38.312-08:00What is Difference between Google AdWords and Google AdSense?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Google AdWords and Google adsense are tow-advertising
services. The one line difference between them is, in AdWords you pay google
while in adsense google pays you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Google AdWords is an advertising service through which you
display your ads on google websites (like google search, youtube, google maps);
google partners websites (like AOL, Ask.com, Amazon, New York times, Washington
post) and display network (all the sites that are publishers).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">In order to display your ads with google you need an
account. Sign up for google AdWords and select your ads to display. It depends
upon you whether you want to display your ads in google websites alone or
partner websites as well. For example if you sell a product, you would like to
attract audience towards your product, not only displaying ads in google but
also on amazon store.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Google AdWords is the largest advertising network with the
access more than 90% of the internet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Also read: <a href="https://checktopoint.blogspot.com/2018/02/what-is-google-adwords-and-how-can-we.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">What is google AdWords and how can we advertiseonline. A step-by-step guide.</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">While google adsense is advertising service, in which you
display ads (that were submitted by users to google via AdWords) on you website
or blog and in return, google pays you. For google adsense, you need a separate
account. However, one Gmail id will be enough for sign up in both (AdWords and
adsense) but both accounts are managed and organized independently. You cannot
pay AdWords fee with you adsense account.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bloggers with display google ads on their blogs/websites are
called publishers. There are more than two million publishers online. To be a
publisher your site have to pass through many phases and rules such as It
should be more than 6 months old (specially in Asia), there should be enough
content on your website and no content should be copied etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzSIUccUjLalFLg__wDJrMgJEj5eMnQwCOrlQGHllCKS27Njx5eoBvta-TANyypPmz0GP1Q6kEmz2wk6KE8xw137ahxPoYCwPtsnAM8OE20BCQCTR9ZO_zcYxkO-pwqSNNHf0emctUV9_3/s1600/digital-marketing-1725340_960_720.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="960" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzSIUccUjLalFLg__wDJrMgJEj5eMnQwCOrlQGHllCKS27Njx5eoBvta-TANyypPmz0GP1Q6kEmz2wk6KE8xw137ahxPoYCwPtsnAM8OE20BCQCTR9ZO_zcYxkO-pwqSNNHf0emctUV9_3/s400/digital-marketing-1725340_960_720.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-53322282961932448402018-02-23T17:03:00.003-08:002018-02-23T19:10:52.243-08:00What is Google AdWords and How can we Advertise Online.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Advertisements are one of the main source of income, whether it is newspapers and magazines or television and radio. However because of a big paradigm shift the use of such communication sources has reduced significantly, though still these communication sources are used but they are now in some way dependent on internet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Traditional vs Digital Marketing.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Through advertisement on internet, you can convey your message with less expense to more and targeted people as compare to television. Take an example if you are internet service provider and you want many people to use your service, you give add on television where millions of people will see your add be it is countryside (where you service does not even reach) or city. Those people will also see add who are not interested and who even not now what internet is all about. However, you have to pay full fee of course. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">On other side if you use internet medium for advertisements for example you display your add to youtube Home screen than millions (more money more audience) of people see your add and certainly everyone is watching through internet that means they use internet be it from Smart phone or computer so they will definitely take interest in your internet providing service. Now your add just targeted those people who are relevant to your add with little fee as compare to other traditional media. Further when you advertise online you can fix the gender of your audience, their age, their browsing device etc. to narrow down your target. For example you want to give add for your School & college academy you will fix age between 12 and 25, may be you also want to restrict the add to the residents within the 30 kilometers around your academy. This can be done only via online advertisements. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Major Online Advertising Networks.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">On internet you can give, add to any website which has some significant traffic but in that case you would have no control on your audience and viewers so it is better to choose such an advertising networks that have large genuine audience. Google is at the top in such companies whose AdWords program is famous and enjoying reach more than 90% of the internet. Bing, Dailymotion, Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo also have their advertising networks with genuine audience.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Also Read:<a href="https://checktopoint.blogspot.com/2018/02/what-is-difference-between-google.html" target="_blank"> <span style="color: blue;">What is difference between google AdWords and google AdSense?</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">How much google charge for advertisements?</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The answer of this question depends upon the type of add. For example if you give add to increase traffic on your blog/website and your blog is related to “earning online” then there are many many such blogs. In addition, the keywords that you use they also use and so there will be tough competition and hence you have to pay more to stand out.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">But if your blog is about life style, health care, gardening etc. then you pay less because such blogs are less in numbers so google have fewer option for keyword you use hence you will be benefited. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigIwgivYDBy2l98FJN7racS3vaBIxpcWDSdCTBRLMj2RzKjX0gKi3WkHOAg5qN_4t4QD3lMUhMXbUTHJdfrMPbvdAsThvR3fcv_OVJHxcpNSOqVO462LVkV-vf_wHlLvHfcKAmAoMiSa2g/s1600/adwords-793034_960_720.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="960" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigIwgivYDBy2l98FJN7racS3vaBIxpcWDSdCTBRLMj2RzKjX0gKi3WkHOAg5qN_4t4QD3lMUhMXbUTHJdfrMPbvdAsThvR3fcv_OVJHxcpNSOqVO462LVkV-vf_wHlLvHfcKAmAoMiSa2g/s640/adwords-793034_960_720.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The cost of add also depends upon the location of your blog, if you are blogging in location where less people write blogs and you also set you target location to local then you have to pay less. Further, it also depends whether your ad is audio, video, or just text only. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Most Expensive Keywords and Cost per Click (CPC).</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Google will only charge if anyone clicks your add. Google will not charge of just viewing your add. When a user clicks on your add you will be charged to certain amounts and it is called ‘Cost per click or CPC ‘ in digital marketing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Usually google charges between one and two dollars for one CPC. Countries like India and Pakistan have even less CPC (Reasons are listed above). Most expensive keyword categories includes lawyers (54 Dollar), Insurance, Trade, Casino, Business Services, Degrees, Banking, Loan, Business Software, Online gambling and heart transplant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bing, which is Microsoft Search engine and professional rival of google, charges 112 dollars for Lawyer keywords category.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">How to Advertise with Google AdWords?</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">For online advertisements through google, you have to set up an AdWords account. For this, you should have a Gmail id or sign up for new one. Here I give step-by-step process of signing up and configuring your own AdWords account.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Go to AdWords website and sign up, there you need to enter you email Id, location, currency and time settings. When you sign up after entering the information you will be redirected to AdWords dashboard and a tour application will automatically will be launched to guide you towards the interface.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In dashboard, first you need to check your personal account settings such as payment method, address etc. Once you have completed these setting then you are ready to launch a campaign for your add. On left side click ‘Campaign’ button, many options will be popped out where you have to select whether you want to display you add only on google search or on others websites as well, whether your add will be audio or video or text only.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Below this, you select the goal of your campaign, for increase in website traffic, selling your products or increasing customer base. Select one that is appropriate for you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you select selling products then below option will be like ‘how will you reach your goal? Through phone calls, website visits or app downloads’… option depends upon your previous choice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">As I selected increase website traffic as my goal so it will ask me to enter URL of my website/blog. After entering blog’s address press Save Continue button to proceed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Hereafter you have to complete four steps i.e. campaign settings, setup add groups, create ads and review.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We go through each step in detail below;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: lime; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">1-Campaign Settings.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Here you choose campaign name, type of network (display your add only on google sites or partner websites as well?), which location you want to target, which specific city, language (English or Urdu or else ) etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In campaign settings, you also choose what will be your average budget of the day. How many days you want to display your ads (starting and ending date and time). Further you can also choose if you want to give phone call option , or want to give specific page URL along with your add. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After choosing appropriate options click Save & Continue button to proceed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">2-Setup Adds Groups</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Here you create groups of similar ads for the ease of management. For example, you also have video ads and animated ads but both belongs to your single website then you will most probably create a group for these ads to organize easily.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Below this, you select keywords related to your group. For example if your site is about blogging you will write keywords such as ‘blog’, how to write blog, make money with blog, etc.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you do not have any idea about what people are searching on google about your topic then on right hand side there is box to help you. Just write you topic for which you want to search keywords and press enter. Google will show you some of most relevant keywords. Copy them and paste to the keywords field on left side.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After these setting press Save & Continue button to land on next step<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">3-Create Ads.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Here you set how your add will look like in google search. First, you enter the address of your blog or page on final URL field. Whe user will click on add he will be redirected to this final URL. Below this, there are two field of heading, the main heading and sub heading. These heading will be shown as it as on your ads. It should not be greater than 40 words. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Below this, there is option of writing the description of your blog/website, which is restricted to 80 words. As you right heading and description, you can preview your ad on right side. While writing the heading and description you must be creative because in fewer sentences you have to attract your reader towards your blog, so be innovative here please.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After these settings, click Save & Continue button to land on last step.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">4-Review.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This is the last and final step of your campaign. Here you check all setting and if appropriate then make changes otherwise you click save button and you are ready to show your ads. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Now you can go to your dashboard where you can see the details of your ads. If your payment setting are OK then you ad will be activated. In dashboard you can see who is interacting with your add, location, time and from which device he is browsing etc. Any time you can pause your ad from dashboard. If you want to change something in your current campaign just pause your add and make changes as you want and then reactivate your add right from the dashboard. In short, dashboard is command and control system where you can change anything related to your ads at any time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-28016180559937969822018-02-11T09:13:00.000-08:002018-02-11T09:49:24.652-08:00How to Write a Persuasive Cover Letter.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Do you thing it is
difficult to write a cover letter? no way!<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span>Just read this article,
become an expert at writing a cover latter, and send it with your resume.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Cover letter is usually
attached with Resume to illustrate some details and your interest in particular
job. Your cover letter may make difference between getting chance of interview
and having your resume rejected.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this letter, you
mention that how you are eligible for this job and from where you come to know
about this job. You write you experience and summarize how your
qualification matches the job applied for and how you can use your skills
in the favor of company or organization that is offering job.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPQJSs_sI4Ds2A0k9adpBzsc5KyQhcWKFvzOQH69udFWiL4ehSur9P5ZV-CILX8_Ir_zlYbw5NNGAdwj6-vHTkOowl3EUA3ySdxW9j2VHLhxCgxVhU7U0cDgWXeutEDqEu3If1pk1h1LL/s1600/Cover+letter.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPQJSs_sI4Ds2A0k9adpBzsc5KyQhcWKFvzOQH69udFWiL4ehSur9P5ZV-CILX8_Ir_zlYbw5NNGAdwj6-vHTkOowl3EUA3ySdxW9j2VHLhxCgxVhU7U0cDgWXeutEDqEu3If1pk1h1LL/s400/Cover+letter.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You also mention why you
are applying for this job and why you prefer this organization. CV is a formal
way but in cover latter, you give personal touch in order to inspire the
Manager. Most employer give more attention to your CV if it is attached with a
Cover letter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">A General Survey about Cover Letter.</span></u></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> A <a href="http://www.saddleback.edu/jobs" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">survey in US employer</span></a> reveals
facts about cover letter as following.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">42.9% wanted candidates to
submit a cover letter for each position. <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">29.8% felt that they were not
important ("I don't have the time to read them anyway")<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> 27.4% had no preference <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">What should be the length of your Cover
letter? </span></u></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In the same survey above
it is found that:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">19% of employers preferred a
full page<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">46% preferred half a page<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> 11% had no preference<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> 24% felt the shorter the
better!</span></span></li>
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<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></ul>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;">Tip:</span> Your Cover Letter should not be long more than one page, four paragraphs are enough, and if it exceeds it mean, you are writing essay instead of cover letter!</div>
</span></ul>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">The advantages of a well-written Cover Letter.</span></u></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It conveys a very good first
impression.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It may stop your mail from
being binned or deleted.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It demonstrates your intention
in a succinct manner.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Its size and quality reflects
upon the sender.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It shows that the sender has
not mailed flippantly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">Types of Cover letter</span></u></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Application Letter
(which responds to a known job)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Prospecting Letter(Which
inquires about Possible positions)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">Networking Letter(Which
requests information and assistance in your job search)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Whichever the letter
type is you should specifically write your letter and elaborate your skills
according to the particular job so don't copy!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><span style="background: white; color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">Cover Latter Format</span></u></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Contact
Section.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">When you are writing
cover letter the first section of cover latter should include your contact
information on how employer can contact you. If you know the employer contact
information write it otherwise leave it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Your contact
information.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Name:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Address:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">City, State, Zip Code:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Phone:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Email:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Date:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Employer Contact
information. (if you have)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Name:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Title:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Company:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Address:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">City,State,Zip Code:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">What if you send an
email cover letter? When you are sending cover latter through email then
include your contact information in your email signature (bottom)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Email Signature.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Name & last Name:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Address(Optional):<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Email:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Phone:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Linked in Profile
(Optional):</span></span></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Salutation
Section<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It is considered important to include salutation at the beginning
of your cover latter so do not miss it!</span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you have a contact person name then chose one of the following salutation...</span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Salutation Example (If
you know Name) <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Mr. Last Name:</span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Ms. Haven:</span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Dr. Mark :</span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Mr. M Shahid Yousaf</span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Many organization do not publish the name of the person to contact ,in this
case either leave the salutation or adopt one of the following way.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Salutation Example (If
You don' know the name)<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear hiring
Manager <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Human Resources
Manager</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Dear Sir or Madam</span></div>
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"></span><br />
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Tip</span>:After including salutation following by a colon give a space(enter) and start you first paragraph like following.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 5.0pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Dear M.r Marks:
(Space & Entr) </span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> First line of your first
paragraph...<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Body
Section <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The body of the letter
is the main part of your covering letter, It should be clear, precise and concise.
Following is the possible structure of your cover letter ....<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> First
Paragraph. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">state the job you are applying
for<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">How you come to about this job..(newspaper/Personal
reference etc.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Second Paragraph.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Why you are interested in such
kind of job...<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Why this company attracts
you..<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Third Paragraph.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Summarize your strength and
experience...<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Relate your skills with the
job requirements...<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Last Paragraph.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Mention the dates you would
not be available (if any)... <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Thank the employer for his
time and consideration... <o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Final Closing
Section.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">If you start with name (e.g "Dear Smith”, you should end with
"Yours sincerely “but if you start with Dear Madam or Dear Sir then you
should end with "Yours Faithfully"...<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="background: white; color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">What
should be the opening line?</span></b><b><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Here is the preference of the University of Kent Students, You can
chose either or write your own..<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I am writing to apply for the
post of .... in your company (5)..<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> I am final year law
student of..... in university of...(2)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Currently I am pursing a
degree in....at the university of..(1)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">My name is... and I am final
year student at.. (4)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">My name is... and I am writing
in the response of your advertisement.. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I am writing to inquire if you
have any vacancies...(1)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Tip</span>: The first one is the best one and the last one is for "Application Covering letter"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="background: white; color: magenta; line-height: 200%;">What
should not be the opening line?</span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Avoid this tone while writing first line of your cover letter!</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Up until a little while ago, I
used to compete in British-Eventing competitions on my horse, from which
I got a real kick.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Like one of your coffees,
I am designed to be opened, savored and enjoyed<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Here are my
qualifications for you to overlook<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> If called to interview I
would like to discuss the salary, pensions and sickness benefits<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">I am applying for the post of
obstacle assistant (for optical assistant post)<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; line-height: 200%;">References</span><span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;">:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.resumesplanet.com/">http://www.resumesplanet.com</a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://careers.theguardian.com/">http://careers.theguardian.com</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/">http://www.wikihow.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-44893594769071992302018-02-10T06:16:00.000-08:002018-02-10T06:22:18.440-08:00Top 3 Effective Ways to Earn Money Online in a Quick Time<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The most
important thing in your life is Oxygen?
Nope, its money! With money in your pocket, you can do anything from
shopping to enjoying the life in best way. Fortunately, with the advent of Internet
and E-Commerce there are tons of opportunities for earning online.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Today millions
of people earning billions of dollars online in different ways, In this article
I reviewed three most used ways of earning money online. Here we go..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">1-Video Publishing.</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The most used
and easy way of earning online is video publishing through Youtube and
Dailymotion. You can make demonstration videos, tutorials, training and even
teaching and then publish these video on different video sites like youtube and
dailymotion. These videos should be created by your own and should have some
creative material so that you get maximum traffic. Once you are getting large
views you can monetize you video through YouTube partner program and
dailymotion publisher program. All you have to do is to create a youtube or
dailymotion account, upload your creative videos and apply for the partner or
publisher program. You must have upload ten video before you can apply for
youtube partner program or dailymotion publisher program. There are some other
video sharing websites that offers similar programs but we discussed here tow
most famous and trustworthy sites. Note: you should be very careful about
copyright cases because once if you caught copying others content without their
permission your account will be disabled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">2-Blogging
/Article writing.</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Blogging is most
common way of making money online. If you can write then believe you can earn.
Just develop your blog, write some creative, worth reading, useful and
informative content. You can also write paid previews of some products to your
blog or can sell some products as well. Once your blog is established and start
getting traffic then you can monetize your blog through different ways like
google adsense, affiliate marking and sponsored advertisements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">You can setup
your free blog on wordpress.org or blogger.com. It will take about six month to
year to establish a blog with enough audience to get some amount through
blogging. If you are serious, passionate and have some writing skills then surely
you can earn a lot from blogging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">3-Freelancing.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Freelancing is
another popular way of earing online. For this to work you need to have set
expertise for example you are computer science professional then you have an
idea of developing mobile phone application or web development. There are
thousands of students working as a freelance and it has become an industry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Expertise like
logo designing, graphic designing, fashion designing, video editing & training,
composition are in demand. If you have expertise in any field, you can go to
different websites like fiver.com ODesk, Freelance, Elance, 99Designs and make
your account, offer your services, participate in bids and earn money. The
website that I mentioned just act like facilitator between you and your
employer, they take certain specified commission and the rest of money is
yours. You can use most reliable and common payment methods to withdraw money
such as Paypal, Payza and Payoneer.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-66406670937478872262018-02-09T07:12:00.000-08:002018-02-09T07:24:58.478-08:00Summary: A Generic Framework for Network Forensics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This is the Summary of the <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.184.5419&rep=rep1&type=pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Research paper published in International Journal of Computer Applications.</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 49.55pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Today internet is everywhere and we cannot think of living without internet. This popularity and usage of internet also brought some difficulties especially about theft of digital data from network, monitoring the network traffic and modifying, interpreting the communication on network. Network forensics is a science that is related to the capture, record and analyze the network traffic to investigate the digital crime. There is need of a generic framework in order to analyze the network traffic.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are two types of Network forensics systems. Catch it as you can in which you monitor and store each packet of traffic and analysis is done subsequently. This requires huge storage and eventually slows down the whole process. Stop look and listen systems in which random packet is selected and analyzed and so the processing is fast enough.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There is difference between network security and network forensics. Network security protect the network from possible attack while network forensics is post mortem of that attack that how it occurs and who is guilty with respect to legal system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Different Forensics analysis tools are used to analyze, monitor and control the network traffic. Network forensics<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span>tools<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span>help<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span>monitor<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>guilty<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span>committed<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span>crime<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span>over<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>network.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span>Network<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span>forensics analysis tools synergize with intrusion detection system and firewalls and make preservation of network data possible for future quick analysis. Some of popular Network forensics tools are illustrated in the following<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>chart.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>different<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>commands<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>manipulate<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>traffic<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>like<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>nslookup,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>netstat,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>traceroute<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>etc. PyFlage<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> </span>Network<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>forensic<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span>tools<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>monitors<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>traffic<span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>analyze<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>large volumes of log files. Pyflage is used mostly in disk forensics, memory forensics, file carving, log analysis, and network forensics. It can also analyze tcpdump files (.pcap files). Silk is another Network forensics tools that is mainly used to analyzed, capture and record the Network data flow based on Cisco net flow. It has multiple components to work with in order to deeply analyze the<span style="letter-spacing: -1pt;"> </span>data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In June 2001, Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRW) proposed a framework consisting following steps identification, preservation, collection, analysis, presentation and decision. Ren and Jem Proposed general process model for network forensics consisting of steps: capture, copy, transfer, analysis, investigation and presentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">As models for digital forensic do not cover the important and crucial aspects of network forensics, we propose the generic framework for network forensics consisting of following nine steps:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Preparation and authorization,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Detection of incidence, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Indecent Response, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Collection of Network Trace, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Protection</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">and</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Preservation, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Examination, Investigation and Attribution, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Presentation and Review.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-56024164646112336602018-02-09T06:45:00.000-08:002018-02-09T07:16:15.960-08:00Summary: Network forensic frameworks: Survey and research challenges<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This is the summary of <a href="https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1742287610000113/1-s2.0-S1742287610000113-main.pdf?_tid=4309347c-0da7-11e8-ab13-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1518187447_effb15f7ad68ba6ae9d1b264819cfdeb" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Research paper published in Sciencedirect.com</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Network Forensic is the science that deals with the study of Network
traffic flow, capture, recording,<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>monitoring,<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>control<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>collection<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>order<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>find<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>source<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>breach<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>policy violation. This paper discuss the
existing Network forensics framework system and proposed new generic framework
for Network forensics. We also discussed and identified new and current
research<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>challenges.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In January 2009, most popular social media sites like Facebook, twitter
and google blogger were under denial of service attacks. The reason was no
tools that monitor the traffic and generate alert when reach threshold were
installed on network. Network forensic could help in that case at very initial
stage by generation<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>notification<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>just<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>inspecting<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>analyzing<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>abnormal<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>transmission<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>packets.<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Network<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>forensics is<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">
</span>name<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">
</span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>rather<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>extension<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>because<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>happens<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>after crime committed and gather its information from firewall,
intrusion detection system and other security products. Network forensic could
trace the culprit, methodology used to attack, duration of attack and possibly
the reason of the attack. It is worthwhile to note that Network security breach
may or may not be<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>forensic<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>issue<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>legally<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>declared<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">
</span>crime<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>may<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>policy<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;">
</span>violation. Network security protects against security attack while
Network forensics capture and record to find the evidence of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>attack.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We divide Network Forensics in two types based on nature, collection and
purpose. Nature: Network Forensics is built in hardware and software based or
only Software tools based. Collection: How data is collected whiter it is stop
look and stop listen base in which random packets are selected and analyzed or
catch<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>you<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>base<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>every<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>packet<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>passing<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>through<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>specific<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>point<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>captured,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>stored and analyzed. Purpose: whither Network Forensics is for
finding the source and culprit or it is protecting the Network from possible<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>attacks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Network Forensics tools help system and network administrator to capture,
record and analyze the network traffic and gather information about crime
investigation. Network forensics tools also help to initiate the incident
response. Some of the most popular current Network Forensics tools include
NetIntercept, PyFlag, NetFlow, Silk, TCP Flow, TCPDump, nfDump, TCPTrace,NTAP,
TCPDstat, Nmap and Pof , wireshar, slinet runner, netwitness and netDetector
etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Many<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>commands<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>built<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>modern<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>operating<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>systems<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>help<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>assist<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span>administrator<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>in network<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>foresnics<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">
</span>at<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>extent.<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Some<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>commands<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>follows:<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>nsLookUp,<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>TCPstat,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>Tracerout, Netstat, nbtstat , whois, ping, dig<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.55pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There exist some digital forensic model like one presented in Digital
Forensics Research workshop that consist of following steps: Identification,
preservation, collection, Examine, analysis, decision and Presentation.<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Many<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Process<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>presented<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>since<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>related<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Digital
forensic and not for specially Network Forensics. Ren and Jen presented first
proper Process model for Network<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Forensics<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>2005<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>consisting<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>steps:<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Capture,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>copy,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>transfer,<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>analysis,<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Investigation and<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>presentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We propose our Generic Network Forensics framework process model with
following steps: Preparation, Detection, Collection, Preservation, Examination,
Analysis, Investigation and finally presentation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are many Frameworks exist including Distributes system based
Networks, Soft computing based networks , Honeypots based frameworks, attack
graph based frameworks, Formal method based frameworks, Aggregation frameworks,</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Today<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Network<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>everywhere<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>chance<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>cyber<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">
</span>based<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>attacks<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>therefore<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>Networks Forensics need deep research and it face many challenges to
overcome some of them are given below: Collection and Detection, Data fusion
and examination, Analysis, Investigation
and Incident<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span>Response.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-80312550536504004722018-02-09T06:30:00.004-08:002018-02-09T06:46:37.816-08:00Summary: A Proposed Architecture for Network Forensics Systems in Large Scale Networks<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This is the Summary of <a href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1508/1508.01890.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Research paper that published in Iran Telecommunication Research Center.</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The frequency of cyber-attack has increase enormously due to increase in
technology. Most of cyber-attack take place on network. In order to get the
answer of who, why, when, where and how we use Network forensics. There are
many models and standard procedures available already but they lack reliability
as the network size grow. Therefore, there is a need of a generic architecture
for network forensics systems in larger networks so that forensic process
carried out properly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We can classify
existing architectures as following distributed system frameworks, dynamic
network framework, soft computing based framework and graph based frameworks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Net witness is
an existing framework architecture consisting of following steps Network
collection subsystem, data processing subsystem, data synchronization
subsystem, indexing subsystem and analysis subsystem.<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Silk<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>open<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>source<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>system<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>used<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>process<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>flow<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>records<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>gathered<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>binary<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>format.<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>Silk include filtering, displaying, sorting, classifying, processing, storing
statistical data, labeling based on ports and IP address. Silent Runner is
another tool used to collect and analyze network data. It includes correlating<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>traffic<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>log<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>alert<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>files,<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>analysis<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>content<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>pattern<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>analysis<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>requested
security<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>incident.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">We proposed our
network forensics system framework architecture as following, it mainly consist
of five components. Network collection and indexing subsystem, analysis
subsystem, Database management subsystem, SOC communication part and Database.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In Network
collection and Indexing subsystem the traffic from network interface or data
from import files is received then it is stored, indexed and filters are
applied to use in future. In Network traffic collection, we<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>collect<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>methods<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>using<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>span/mirror<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>ports<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>having<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>ability<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>copy<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>ports
to single port and second is Rap device monitor to collected data between any
two points in the network. For this purpose network, filters and parser are
also used. In the analysis subsystem, stored data in database is analyzed. It
mainly consist Analysis and investigation system, report, alert and
visualization system and malware analysis system. In Reporting and alerting
Subsystem, each subsystem is connected to various databases. In this Subsystem,
a graphical view of network traffic and protocol is created. File content and
different protocols are extracted and shown in visualization unit and different
reports are created. In malware, analysis system any program that could be
reason of crime is thoroughly investigate and analyzed. It mainly consist of
four parts as following: File signature control unit, Network anomalous
behavior detection unit, automatic sand box and domain knowledge unit. In
database Management response of quires delivered as quickly as possible for
example, if security oppression center find an anomalous<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>traffic<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>behavior<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>would<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>send<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>request<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>database<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>management<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>check<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>pattern<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>same in database. Database management must reply the SOC within
very short interval. In database, we store our<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;">
</span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>information<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>whether<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;">
</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>original<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>extracted<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>information<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>evidence.<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>There<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>method
to store the data. In our architecture we use cluster storage due to its
advantage namely integration of traffic stored, reducing setup and maintenance
cost and increased system<span style="letter-spacing: -1.05pt;"> </span>security.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5769024914072556106.post-31406938611365483502018-02-09T02:53:00.000-08:002018-02-09T03:02:21.961-08:00Summary: Identifying Significant Features for Network Forensic Analysis Using Artificial Intelligent Techniques<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This is the Summary of the <a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/32234049/A04CCCB9-D778-B3D4-3C9A98DB4B0F99D1.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1518176317&Signature=TaBGA266Xj3R%2F5mkWA51ezKyYvk%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DIdentifying_Significant_Features_for_Net.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">research paper that published in international Journal of Digital Evidence</span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Network<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Forensic<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>analysis<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>network<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>traffic<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>determine<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>source<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>violation. There exist many models and
techniques for Network forensic analysis. This paper focus on artificial
intelligence techniques for offline intrusion analysis to maintain and preserve
the integrity and confidentiality of the information infrastructure. Usually
two artificial intelligence techniques are used one<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Artificial<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Neural<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>Networks<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Support<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>Vector<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Machines.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>It<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>show that<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>SVM<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>superior<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>to ANN in following aspects: SVM train and run faster than ANN runs, SVM
scale much better and SVM give higher classification<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 8.05pt 6.7pt 0.0001pt 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Most of the
current network forensics system works on the bases of audit trail. This kind
of system try to detect<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>known<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>patterns,<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>deviation<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>normal<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>behavior<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>security<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>policy<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>violation.<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>They<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>reduce<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>large amount of data into chunks of
important and relevant data. Logs are collected and converted into meaningful
format, this require large amount of disk space and CPU resources and human<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>expertise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 8.15pt 6.65pt 0.0001pt 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>1998,<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>DARPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>intrusion<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>detection<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>evaluation<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>program<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;">
</span>classified<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>attack<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>type<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>following:<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>Probing, Denial of services, Unauthorized access to local super
user and Unauthorized access from remote machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 8.3pt 6.5pt 0.0001pt 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Support Vector
Machines or SVM are learning machines that plot the training vector in high
dimensional feature space labeling each vector in its class. Support Vector
Machines classify data by determining set of<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>support<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>vectors<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>based<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>set<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>training<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>inputs.<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>It<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>provides<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>generic<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>mechanism<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>fit<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>surface<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the
hyper plan through Kernel functions. User can provide function through input
like polynomial, linear or sigmoid<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>SVM<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>during<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>training<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>process.<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>speed<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>reason<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>why<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>SVMs<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>because<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>real<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>time
performance has much importance in intrusion detection systems. Scalability is
one another reason why we prefer SVMs on ANNs. Support Vector Machines are
relatively intensive to the number of data points and classification complexity
does not depend upon dimensionality of feature space so Support Vector machines
potential can learn easily and larger set of patterns and scale better
comparing to the Artificial Neural<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Networks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Artificial Neural
Networks or ANNs consist of collection of processing elements that are<span style="letter-spacing: -1.75pt;"> </span>highly connected and<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>transform<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>set<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>desired<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>outputs<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>result<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>transformation<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>determine<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>characteristics of the elements and the
weights associated with them. ANN conducts an analysis of information of the
model it is being trained. It gains the experience of recognizing the input and
output with the passage of time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Based on the
study of both model and different experiments we conclude and summarize the
following results: The Support Vector Machines or SVMs outperforms in the
important aspect of scalability (ANNs take more time if we increase training
input volume compare to SVMs), training time and running prediction accuracy.
Support Vector Machines easily achieve higher accuracy roundabout 99% in approximately
given all five-pattern classes.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13567389242531280460noreply@blogger.com0Islamabad, Pakistan33.623768001188111 73.22387695312530.15265150118811 65.720214953125 37.094884501188112 80.727538953125